Lesson 5 - Plural nouns (grammar rule)

We usually form the plural of nouns by adding an S:

	SINGULAR	car	table	friend	pen
	PLURAL	cars	tables	friends	pens

But there are some exceptions:

1. When noun ends in CH, S, SH, X, Z, add ES:

	SINGULAR	match	miss	flash	box	quiz
	PLURAL	matches	misses	flashes	boxes	quizes

2. When noun ends in O and there is a consonant before, then add ES:

	SINGULAR	hero	echo	tomato
	PLURAL	heroes	echoes	tomatoes

3. When noun ends in Y and there is a consonant before, change Y for I then add ES:

	SINGULAR	lady	story	city
	PLURAL	ladies	stories	cities

Note: when the noun end in O or Y and there is a vowel before it, only add S:

	SINGULAR	scenario	video	kangaroo		boy	key	day
	PLURAL	scenarios	videos	kangaroos		boys	keys	days

4. When noun ends in F or FE, change it for V, then add ES:

	SINGULAR	leaf	knife	shelf
	PLURAL	leaves	knives	shelves

Note: in some nouns ended in F or FE, we only add S. It also happens if the noun ends in FF or FFE.

	SINGULAR	gulf	roof	safe		handcuff	sheriff	giraffe
	PLURAL	gulfs	roofs	safes		handcuffs	sheriffs	giraffes

5. There are some irregular nouns:

	SINGULAR	man	woman	child	tooth	foot	mouse	penny	goose
	PLURAL	men	women	children	teeth	feet	mice	pence	geese

Note : for all musical terms we only add S It also happens with words ended in O from greek, etc.

	SINGULAR	piano	soprano		photo	ghetto	kilo
	PLURAL	pianos	sopranos		photos	ghettos	kilos

Exercise: fill the blanks with the correct plural forms

Desk	______________	Student	______________	Class	______________
Child	______________	Library	______________	Policeman	______________
Tooth	______________	Teacher	______________	Day	______________
		Person	______________